What Are the Beliefs and Values of Buddhism

What are the convictions and estimations of Buddhism? Buddhists follow the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama who is known as the Buddha, which means the illuminated one. Buddhism started in northern India and is the fourth biggest religion of the world. Nonetheless, Buddhism is increasingly a way of thinking or lifestyle other than a religion in light of the fact that not at all like such a large number of different strict conventions, Buddhism is established on the instructing of a person and not a divine being. Theory implies love of insight and the Buddhist’s have faith in having an ethical existence, being careful and mindful of considerations and activities and creating shrewdness and understanding.Buddha Siddhartha Gautama was a warrior ruler who established Buddhism and lived from 566 to 483 BC [1]. He was conceived in Lumbini, in the Himalayas and lived in Northern India. Siddhartha Gautama was a ruler of a rich, imperial family, he knew about his extravagant life as a sov ereign and was sick of it. He needed to find reality with regards to life and spent numerous years in reflection, sitting underneath a Bodhi tree so as to find an approach to end languishing over everybody and to discharge himself from the material estimations of life.After numerous years under the Bodhi tree he went to a revelation and become the â€Å"Buddha†. The night he became illuminated was separated into four periods in which he discovered some new information each time. Initially, he increased comprehension of all the past, and of what had driven him to the point of looking for illumination. He at that point comprehended the manner by which every living thing came into this world and pass away. After this, he saw how all the pessimistic emotions and yearnings that make individuals stick to life, bring all the more affliction and that he had defeated these cravings.Then, at day break he increased full edification and encountered the tranquility of Nirvana, which is wh ere the three toxic substances, avarice, contempt and obliviousness vanish and a feeling of satisfaction and quiet is accomplished. [2]After he was edification at 35 years of age, he went around India training the savvy information he had accomplished. Siddhartha Gautama consumed the majority of his time on earth instructing in the urban areas of the Ganges plain and was the main individual of his opportunity to find the genuine reason for enduring on the planet and show individuals genuine empathy. Buddha is an itle, which implies â€Å"the one who is enlightened† or â€Å"one who has woken up to the truth†. What makes an individual a Buddha is that a Buddha finds and shows the way to illumination. As per Buddhist custom, there have been and will be different Buddha’s. Siddhartha Gautama propelled individuals by what he did and what he instructed, with the goal that they tailed him and attempted to incorporate his lessons. Convictions and Values of Buddhism Bud dhists accept that everybody can possibly get edified and that, by rehearsing their religion, they will create insight and happiness.Four Noble Truths In Siddhartha Gautama’s first message in the Deer Park in Varanasi, the holiest city of old India, he talked about the Four Noble facts and the Eightfold Path. The four honorable facts are the most fundamental articulation of the Buddha's instructing. In the Four Noble Truths Buddha sets out the issue of life, the reason for that issue, that the issue can be survived and the best approach to accomplish it. The First Truth is that all life includes languishing. The primary truth is Dukkha, which is the pali word for anguish. 3] Dukkha is more profound than physical torment, it alludes to the enduring that happens on various levels. There is the enduring that accompanies feeling wiped out, mature age, demise and wounds, which are inescapable as we are delicate individuals. [4] Then there is the disappointment and the sentiment of being discontent with life, that our life isn't what we need or anticipate that it should be and nothing is ever sufficient. The subsequent truth is that the beginning of enduring is needing and attachment.The Buddha found that the immediate reasons for enduring are want, longing for, and obliviousness and this is the reason for misery. The conviction that enduring is brought about by longing for isn't the characteristic requirement for food or delight from encounters in our lives yet the endeavor to clutch the things we appreciate and never need to release them and attempt to prevent them from evolving. In the subsequent truth, it is said that the source of enduring is connection to want and desiring, insatiability makes an individual never be cheerful or content. The third honorable truth is Nirodha, which is the finish of suffering.The Buddha encouraged that the best way to end enduring was to quit getting a handle on at life and desiring, albeit an individual who is despondent will need to attempt to clutch the things which bring pleasure and satisfaction. Thus, the best way to end needing is to find inward joy and fulfillment and figure out how to acknowledge life simply the manner in which it is. On the off chance that Buddhists can lessen needing. Tanha, it is on the grounds that they appreciate life right now and they don't have to ache for. When all hankering is reduced, an individual arrives at Nirvana, which is the point at which an individual is liberated from craving.This third truth discloses how to beat enduring and accomplish joy. It clarifies that life would be cheerful and euphoric on the off chance that each figures out how to live every day in turn, never choosing not to move on or pondering what's to come. The fourth truth, is the last truth. As indicated by the fourth truth, to end enduring and arrive at nirvana, an individual must follow the Eight-overlap Path. The Eightfold Path centers around the brain and monitoring contemplations an d activities. By being merciful and kind to other people and creating knowledge, one would have a superior comprehension of the Four Noble Truths.The fourth truth is â€Å"The Middle Way†, Magga and is set out in eight stages. These means are eight highlights of a Buddhists life. By following the Eightfold Path, an individual lessens the measure of enduring they have by carrying on with an existence of excellence. Individuals who follow the Eightfold Path generally have an uplifting point of view toward others, creatures and the world. [5] The Eightfold Path The Eightfold Path plans to improve intelligence by rehearsing right view and expectation, moral lead, by rehearsing right discourse, activity and business and mental capacities, by rehearsing right exertion, care and concentration.There are three viewpoints to the Buddhist lifestyle. Insight (prajna), Morality (sila) and Mental preparing (Samadhi). The Noble Eightfold Path is the method of knowledge. Number 1 is Right Vi ew, this is the point at which a Buddhist looks to follow the lessons of Buddha and develop their comprehension on life. Number 2 is Right Intention; it is the choice to follow the Buddhist way. Each activity an individual makes originates from an idea and this correct goal is the constructive idea an individual needs to gain so as to ground. All that we are is the aftereffect of what we have thought. The psyche is everything. What we think we become. † Buddha. Number 3 is Right Speech. Right Speech is simply the rule of continually communicating such that upgrades the nature of different people groups lives and does no mischief. It intends to not lie, avoid untruths and misdirection, malevolent language, irate or hostile language and tattle. One ought to consistently come clean, talk with warm delicacy and cease from talking when they don't have anything essential to say.Number 4 is Right Action and it is to follow the fine broad rules forever which are, 1, not to obliterate life, 2, not to take, 3, not to abuse sex or enjoy the faculties, 4, not to lie, 5, not to drink liquor or consume medications which can prevent one from deduction unmistakably. Right Livelihood implies that an individual after the Buddhist way should forgo work that conflicts with Buddhist standards. Right Effort is to put forth a cognizant attempt to remove all negative, detestable musings and supplant them with great, positive ones.This advance perceives that a Buddhist ought to know about this and put forth an attempt to shape the manner by which the person in question thinks. Right Mindfulness is a condition of uplifted awareness which an individual has the psychological capacity to see their general surroundings unmistakably and with no fancy. Some portion of the psychological preparing that Buddhists do targets helping them become increasingly mindful of themselves and their general surroundings. Individuals can't control or create themselves on the off chance that they are i gnorant of how they feel or why they react to life the manner in which they do or they can't help other people on the off chance that they are lost in a universe of their own.Buddhists practice reflection to assist them with monitoring this. Right fixation is the conviction that through reflection the psyche is empower to get quiet, clear, create cherishing graciousness and increase knowledge into the facts of life. The objective of this is to arrive at nirvana however ordinary reflection is a significant piece of the life of each rehearsing Buddhist. The Buddha instructed that all that we do, think and state has an outcome or result. Kind activities have positive outcomes while heartlessness brings about despondency. Buddhists trust in karma, which is the possibility that activities have consequences.It is accepted that karma is the outcome or result from a past activity, this is the manner in which Buddhists accept that we impact the procedure of progress and we shape the future b y out activities of today. Buddhists have faith in resurrection, which is the possibility that animals are continually being conceived, developing old, kicking the bucket and being conceived once more. This is known as samsara and for Buddhists; resurrection is a steady procedure of progress. What an individual will be in another life creates out of what the individual was previously. Buddhists esteem empathy for other people and causing them no mischief above everything else.The Buddha instructed that to arrive at edification, one must create two characteristics, knowledge and sympathy. Being caring, cherishing and empathetic to people and creatures are significant qualities in Buddhism. Buddhists expect to live compassionate and admirably and follow the lessons of the incredible profound pioneer Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha. Buddhists convictions depend on the possibility that all life includes enduring yet by following the Fo

The Meaning and Use of the Italian Word Salute

The Meaning and Use of the Italian Word Salute When was the last time you heard the word â€Å"salute† in Italian? Did you wheeze openly? Is it true that you were talkingâ about being wiped out? Or on the other hand would you say you were raising glasses of wine with companions while out at supper? As should be obvious, the word â€Å"salute† has an assortment of implications in Italian and isn’t simply constrained to discussing your wellbeing, in spite of the fact that that is a significant utilization of it. Here are the manners in which that you can make an interpretation of it into English: HealthWell-beingBless you!Cheers! 1: Health/Well Being The word salute is most normally used to discuss wellbeing as far as things that are positive or negative for it, as in the models underneath with smoking and vegetables.â Italian: Il fumo fa male alla salute.English interpretation: Smoking is awful for your health.Italian: Sono di/in buona salute.English interpretation: I’m healthy. TIP: Notice how you can utilize the relational word di or in the model above. Relational words are assorted, so you can regularly utilize two to mean something very similar. Peruse increasingly about how to utilize di and read progressively about how to utilize in.â Italian: Mangiare le verdure fa bene alla salute.English interpretation: Eating vegetables is useful for your wellbeing. Mainstream Proverbs There are numerous mainstream precepts that utilization the word salute. Useâ these in ordinary discussion, and youll assuredly dazzle an Italian. Buona salute à ¨ la vera ricchezza. - Good wellbeing is genuine wealth.Chi à ¨ in buona salute à ¨ ricco senza saperlo. -  Those healthy are rich without knowing it. Chi à ¨ sano à ¨ piã ¹ di un sultano - Who is solid is more than a sultan.Salute e vecchiezza creano bellezza. - Health and age make beauty.Chi vuole conservare la salute per la vecchiaia, non la sciupi in gioventã ¹. - Those who need to spare wellbeing for their mature age don’t squander it in youth. Be mindful so as not to get the word salute mistook for the action word salutare, which intends to welcome or to make proper acquaintance with. You can figure out how to conjugate that action word here. Which means 2: Bless You! Individual 1: Ahhhh-choo! Individual 2: Salute! - Bless you!Person 1: Grazie! - Thanks! Which means 3: Cheers! Individual 1: Facciamo un brindisi! - Let’s do a toast!Person 2: Alla nostra salute e alla nostra amicizia! - To our wellbeing and to our friendship!Everyone: Salute! - Cheers! Fun Fact: The word â€Å"salute â€Å" is utilized for cheers and originates from the antiquated Latin language. Truth be told, the first word utilized was â€Å"prosit†, which implies â€Å"sia utile†, â€Å"sia a favore†, or â€Å"faccia bene† significance, may it be helpful, in favor of†¦, be useful for, individually. After some time the latin â€Å"sia utile† gradually became...â€Å"salute†!

Music Exam Questions Baroque Era Flashcard

Music Exam Questions: Baroque Era

Free Online Classes Directory

Free Online Classes Directory On the off chance that you’re new to learning through the web, need to try out a class, need to catch up on certain abilities for your credit classes, or simply need to get familiar with a couple of new realities, you’ll need to look at one of the many free courses accessible on the web. In spite of the fact that these courses don’t give school credit, they do give understudies a great deal of data and can be a significant enhancement to your ordinary examinations. There are two primary sorts of online courses: autonomous courses that are made solely for the web, and open courseware classes that are intended for genuine homerooms. Free Courses Free courses are made particularly for e-students. From verse to monetary arranging, theres something out there for everyone.Brigham Young University has various online courses offered for credit to paying understudies, yet they likewise offer free classes that are available to the overall population. In spite of the fact that these classes don't offer communication among peers, they have a reasonable set up and frequently give helpful data. One of the most widely recognized subjects offered is lineage; BYU has many particular courses to assist genealogists with finding their own family data. Various strict courses are additionally available.Stanford University offers free talks, meetings, and material that are avaliable for download on iTunes.Free-ed.net offers an assortment of courses that incorporate materials totally on the web. Some even have free online course books. The Information Technology programs are the absolute best and incorporate bit by bit directions on acing differe nt sorts of PC abilities. The Small Business Administration gives many connects to courses that show you how to design, start, market, and maintain a fruitful business, and furthermore how to apply for awards and credits. The Teaching Company sells sound and video classes educated by top educators. In any case, on the off chance that you pursue their email pamphlet, they will send you periodic free talks that can be downloaded and spared. Open Courseware Open courseware programs are intended to give understudies far and wide access to course materials really utilized in college homerooms. Taking an interest universities post prospectuses, assignments, schedules, address notes, readings, and different materials web based, making it simple for self-students to consider the point on their own terms. Open courseware programs don't require enrollment or charge educational cost. Be that as it may, theyâ do not grant credits or take into consideration collaboration with a professor.Want to take a MIT course for nothing? MIT’s open courseware program offers understudies far and wide access to materials and assignments utilized in genuine study halls. In excess of 1,000 courses are right now available.Tufts University additionally offers a bunch of value open courseware classes as does Utah State University and John Hopkins University.

Do You Have A Spiritual Life What Do You Conceive It To Be - 825 Words

Do You Have A Spiritual Life? What Do You Conceive It To Be? (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date:Do You Have a Spiritual Life?Having to speak about this topic humbles me because with the disasters happening worldwide for instance terrorism, most people especially Christians have shunned from stating their spiritual life. I have a spiritual life. As a child raised by two parents who are firm believers in Christ, I did not have much say except to embrace the path set for me. To my understanding, having a spiritual life signifies that I have committed myself to follow a path to respond to God requirements. Having a spiritual life means, an individual has a path and a calling that is accordance with God (Elkins). It is more than a mere belief or doctrine. It comes from the conscious and unconscious parts of our inner soul.How I Conceive Spiritual LifeSpiritual life assists an individual to be focused on what is important in life since our destiny is wrapped around how we lead our spiritual life. The inner growth of a person is facilitated by ac quiring the mastery of spiritual life. The only way a person can attest there is God is by being spiritual. Having a spiritual life signifies that everything that happens in our entire life will be attributed to God. The Christian way of life has an authentic religious belief that spiritual life is led by acknowledging the revelation of God in Jesus Christ. When an individual such as me have a spiritual life, phenomenon things fascinate us such that we find creation not only mysterious but also beautiful. The quality of consciousness accompanies spiritual life such that we find ourselves becoming happy and having positive energy regardless of situations.Do you have a Soul?Religion has insisted on the reality of a soul. As individual; the reality of a soul has occurred to me because I evaluate the future and believe there is life after death. I believe I have a soul because the body would be an empty vessel without it. The body acts through the demands of the soul. With a soul, that is when the body receives life, senses, emotions, feelings, identity, feelings, and desire. The essence of a soul is to guide us as humans from knowing what is wrong and right. Humanity is drawn from having and embracing a soul that is conscious. In the spiritual life, God uses our soul to speak and guide us; God is part of our soul. Therefore, the soul grants us the ability to have God within us.Spiritual MissionI believe in having a spiritual mission. According to my understanding, a spiritual mission is a meaningful agenda that aligns with the spiritual life of an individual (Steger). The spiritual mission for me is helping the destitute and offering strangers the warmth through smiles and having courtesy. The spiritual mission is expected to be encouraging and inspiring such that it can draw other individuals towards engaging. The spiritual mission can draw others since it needs to have support, encouragement, positive energy and thus, it is more of I need you' to achieve my obj ective and goals. However, every individual has unique spiritual missions since they take different forms and identities.Where do these beliefs come from?My beliefs have originated from my environment. The environment nurtures me into having spiritual beliefs because they are meant to guide me into becoming a better individual. Starting from my family who taught me to believe in God and there was no exception to my friends and school that increased my knowledge about spiritual missions and having a soul. Having a spiritual life was not initially my belief until someone else stepped in and for them, somebody taught them about spiritual life, and that is how beliefs are founded.Mentors, How Spiritual life is connected to my daily life and Spiritual PursuitMy mentors in the spiritual life are my parents because they have guided me throughout my ...

Hookah Bar Business Plan - Free Essay Example

Cowboy HookahTM Business Proposal Executive Summary Cowboy Hookah is a hookah bar concept that will be located in Laramie, WY to serve as an alternative place for customers to relax and enjoy a cultural experience. The focus will be to bring in students from the University of Wyoming and community members as well as young professionals in the area. The bar will be located in downtown Laramie and be managed by a team of four owners. The business will generate revenues through the sale of flavored tobacco, non-alcoholic beverages and snacks. Cowboy Hookah will enter the market with a competitive advantage given that there are no hookah bars in Laramie. Cowboy Hookah projects to be earning profits by its first year of operation. Below are the projected gross income, total expenses and net income. The business projects growth of 50% the first year and 25% the next two years with more sustainable growth after that period. Since the company is in the introductory stage it is expected to see a lot growth after opening. 1. Objectives Cowboy Hookah’s objectives for the first year of operations are: †¢Effectively corner a niche market for a previously non-existent business. Turn in profits from the first month of operations. †¢Maintain a 65% gross margin. 2. Keys to Success The keys to success will be: †¢Store design that is deemed legally acceptable and will be both visually attractive to customers, and designed for efficient operations. †¢Employee training to insure the best education and knowledge of products and preparation techniques. †¢Marketing strategies aimed to build a solid base of loyal customers, as well as maximizing the sales of high margin products, such as our line of hookah products. 3. Mission Cowboy Hookah will give its best effort to create a unique place where customers can socialize with each other in a comfortable and relaxing environment while enjoying the best brands of smoking tobacco and products in town. We will be in the business of helping our customers to relieve their daily stresses by providing piece of mind through great ambience, convenient location, friendly customer service, and products of consistently high quality. Cowboy Hookah will invest its profits to increase the employee satisfaction while providing stable return to its shareholders. Company Summary Cowboy Hookah is a new company that provides knowledge and expertise in hookah smoking along with a lounge for people to relax in a cultural environment with their friends while enjoying smoking flavored tobacco. The concept for our hookah lounge centers around the community of Laramie and being available to the people for them to have a new experience. The business will launch its first hookah lounge in Laramie within the next six months and hopes to create a modern, cozy, hookah bar with knowledgeable employees and guaranteed high quality service and products while at a reasonable price. The business will earn re venues through the sale of tobacco (multiple flavors), drinks (coffee, tea, and juices), food (Pastries, hummus and chips, etc) and hookah products. The customers are expected to be those interested in hookah and hookah culture, and young (18-25 years old) students interested in a community-oriented experience that is an alternative to bars serving alcohol and coffee shops. 4. Company Ownership Cowboy Hookah will be registered as a Limited Liability Corporation in the state of Wyoming. 5. Start-up Summary We will need initial start-up funding of approximately $265,000 to get our hookah bar up and running. The funding will be mainly through financing but we will need at least 20-30% through equity in order to have enough money in the deal to make this a favorable loan. We will maintain a cash reserve at startup in order to cover approximately two months of expenses. The expenses covered by this reserve will not include cost of goods sold as we will also have enough dedicated cash equivalents to purchase two months of inventory. †¢Legal expenses for obtaining licenses and permits totaling $1,300. †¢Marketing promotion expenses for the grand opening of Cowboy Hookah in the amount of $3,500 and as well as flyer printing (2,000 flyers at $0. 4 per copy) for the total amount of $3,580. †¢Insurance (general liability, workers compensation and property casualty) coverage at a total premium of $2,400. †¢Premises remodeling in the amount of $20,000, which, we consider to be sunk costs because it will not significantly increase the value of the property. †¢Other start-up expenses including stationery ($500) and phone and utility deposits ($2,500). The required start-up assets of $235,000 include: †¢Operating capital in the total amount of $40,000 which includes cash reserves of $27,000 and inventory for the first two months of operation. Start-up inventory of $7,657, which includes: oHookah tobacco $3,000 oCoffee filters, baked goods, sa lads, sandwiches, tea, beverages, etc. $3,450 oRetail supplies (napkins, coffee bags, cleaning, etc. ) $920 oOffice supplies $287 †¢Equipment for the total amount of $25,000: oSmoking apparatus and equipment $3,000 oFood service equipment (microwave, toasters, dishwasher, refrigerator, blender, etc. ) $3,000 oStorage hardware (bins, utensil rack, shelves, food case) $2,720 oCounter area equipment (counter top, sink, ice machine, etc. $4,750 oServing area equipment (plates, glasses, flatware) $1,495 oStore equipment (cash register, security, ventilation, signage) $5,935 oOffice equipment (PC, fax/printer, phone, furniture, file cabinets) $3,600 †¢Purchase and remodel of the Building in the amount of $190,000: oBuilding $170,000 oRemodel (Sunk Costs) $20,000 Funding for the company comes from two major sourcesowners investments and lender financing. The owners will contribute $80,000, $20,000 of which will be immediately sunk into the remodel. The remaining $1 85,000 needed to cover the start-up expenses and assets will come from two bank loans and short-term debt instruments. The two loans will consist of a 10 year loan in the amount of $29,000 and a 30 year mortgage on the building of $136,000. Both loans will be secured through the First National Bank. The additional $20,000 of financing needs will use distributor financing through their accounts payable and will be used in the purchasing of inventory and other supplies. Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Legal$1,300 Stationary$500 Brochures/Flyers$3,500 Insurance$2,400 Remodeling$20,000 Other$2,300 Total Start-up Expenses$30,000 Start-up Assets Cash Required$27,000 Start-up Inventory$6,500 Other Current Assets$6,500 Long-term Assets$195,000 Total Assets$235,000 Total Requirements$265,000 Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to Fund$30,000 Start-up Assets to Fund$235,000 Start-up Funding Required$265,000 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up$195,000 Cash Requirements for Start-up$ 13,000 Additional Cash Raised$0 Cash Balance on Starting Date$27,000 Total Assets$235,000 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing$29,000 Long-term Liabilities$136,000 Accounts Payable$20,000 Other Current Liabilities$0 Total Liabilities$185,000 Capital Planned Investment (Owner Contributions)$80,000 Additional Investment Required$0 Total Planned Investment$80,000 Loss at Start-up($30,000) Total Capital$40,000 Total Liabilities and Capital$195,000 Total Funding$265,000 6. Company Locations and Facilities Location and Legalities The majority of funding will go towards our building and property. We will be purchasing a two unit commercial building in downtown Laramie on the corner of 1st and Grand Avenue. We believe this to be a prime location which will have a large positive impact on our exposure and growth. Because of the remodeling needed to convert one unit of 106/108 Grand Avenue into an outdoor patio we have elected to purchase the building rather than rent. This does increase our initial costs but the remodel is necessary in order to conform to the smoking ban, Title 8, Chapter 8, of Laramie, WY Municipal Code. For this remodel we have budgeted $20,000 which we consider to be sunk costs as it will not significantly affect the value of the property. The remodel will consist of removing upper portions of two walls and installing additional supports and sliding glass doors. By doing this it will allow us to conform to Laramie Municipal Code because the structure will then have only two walls and be considered an outdoor patio, which therefore will fall under 8. 56. 050 where smoking is not regulated. This conforms to the City of Laramie’s Attorney recommendations. The floor plan will include a 50 square feet back office and a 1200 square feet Hookah bar, which will include a seating area with 10 tables, a kitchen, storage area and two bathrooms. The space in the hookah bar will be approximately distributed the following way1,200 square feet (i. . , 55% of the total) for the seating area, 600 square feet (26%) for the production area, and the remaining 440 square feet (19%) for the customer products service area. This property is located in a commercial area within a walking distance from the University of Wyoming campus on the corner of a major thoroughfare connecting affluent neighborhoods with the busy downtown commercial area. The commercially zoned premises have the necessary water and electricity hookups and will require only minor remodeling to accommodate the hookah bar, kitchen and storage area. The hookah bars open and clean interior design with modern wooden decor will convey the quality of the served beverages and snacks, and will be in-line with the establishments positioning as an eclectic place where people can relax and enjoy their hookah experience. The clear window displays, through which passerby will be able to see customers enjoying the atmosphere, and outside electric signs will be aimed to grab the attention of the customer traffic. 7. Product Description/Products Hookahs for Sale range from $30. 00 to $150. 00 to purchase These include the following pieces: Pyrex Bowl †¢Snap-on tray †¢Stainless Steel Valve †¢One-way valve †¢Glass Base †¢Custom Hose †¢Bowl Grommet †¢Hose Grommet †¢Base Grommet The Python: 28 Multiple Hose Rotating Hookah The Python Multiple Hose Hookah is the first type of Hookah model to be fully customized for todays Hookah smoker. This Hookah has been designed with superior craftsmanship for complete authenticity and quality. The Python rotates a full 360 degrees to allow for durability and flexibility with the individual Hookah smoker. The Python may always be converted depending on how many users are available. This Hookahs durable design allows for ease with setup and maintenance. The Neptune: 33 Double Hose Hookah The Neptune is a larger Hookah model designed specifically for producing a grea t smoking experience. This Hookah model may be converted to a one hose model if two users are not available. This Hookahs durable design allows for ease with setup and maintenance, while providing entertainment for years to come. The Zeus: 33 Single Hose Hookah The Zeus is a larger Hookah model designed specifically for producing a great smoking experience. This Hookahs durable design allows for ease with setup and maintenance. The Colossus: 33 Triple Hose Hookah The Colossus is primarily used by Hookah smokers who are interested in smoking with a larger group of friends. Although this model allows for up to three hookah users, it may always be converted into a two or one hose model. This Hookah may be used for both decorative and smoking pleasures, providing entertainment for years to come. The Helios: 26 Triple Hose Hookah The Helios is a smaller version of the Colossus, but still offers a great smoking experience. This Hookah allows for up two three users, but may always be co nverted into a two or one hose model. Whether smoking alone or with a group of friends, this Hookah is guaranteed to make an undeniable presence at any party. Hookah Sessions- Each session consists of the customers’ choice of size of hookah. Larger crowds usually get larger hookahs with more hoses. Then they can choose flavors of tobacco to use. Flavored tobacco for hookah pipes will be sold as well for $15 for the first round and $12 for subsequent rounds. Each round last approximately from 30 to 45 min. Flavors include: †¢Cherry †¢Strawberry †¢Blackberry †¢Mixed Fruit †¢Apple †¢Blue Mist †¢Candy †¢Jasmine †¢Banana †¢Rose †¢Grape †¢Pistachio †¢Lemon †¢Cola †¢Mint †¢Orange †¢Peach †¢Vanilla Mango †¢Blueberry †¢Grape †¢Purple Haze †¢Raspberry †¢Coconut †¢Melon Berry A quick lighting coal made by Miraculum Coal brand. Miraculum Coals formula allows for the charcoal to light faster as well as maintain a more even and consistent burn throughout without interfering with the flavor of tobacco, making it the most sought after quick lighting charcoal brand available. These Charcoals are manufactured in Holland, and are specifically designed for smoking with the Hookah. Cowboy Hookah wants to keep our prices low and competitive. Each customer has the option of what hookah size they want to use and how many types of tobacco they would like. We hope to keep bringing new flavors to the shop so people can continue to try new things. In the future we would also like to start selling hookahs of different sizes and shapes. Food and Drink The initial menu includes: †¢Assortment of organic teas †¢Assortment of organic coffees †¢Fruit juices and juice blends †¢Salads †¢Pita or pita chips and hummus/other dips †¢Assorted pastries 8. Sales Literature Two thousand flyers will be distributed in the adjacent neighborhood, o n the University campus, and in the selected office buildings within two weeks prior to the opening of Cowboy Hookah. Subsequently, free postcards with Cowboy Hookah endorsement will be printed to increase the company visibility among the patrons. Market Analysis Summary U. S. tobacco consumption has shown level growth. They favor new and interesting smoking experiences and demand great service. Laramie, Wyoming, with its liberal and outgoing populace and long winter, has traditionally been a great place for establishments that have great atmosphere. Cowboy Hookah will strive to build a loyal customer base by offering a great atmosphere in a relaxing environment of its hookah bar, located close to the ustling University of Wyoming campus. The market for hookah bars in the United States has grown significantly in the past decade. Hookah-bars. com reports that, as of October 2008, there were at least 470 hookah bars in the U. S. and an average of five new hookah bars were opening e very month. From these numbers, it can be estimated that 2-5 million current hookah smokers live in the United States. Of these hookah smokers, approximately 90% are of American origin but have grown to embrace hookah culture. In Laramie, Wyoming, Cowboy Hookah Bar will focus on college students, Community members and young professionals. . Market Segmentation Cowboy Hookah will focus its marketing activities on reaching the University students and faculty, people working in offices located close to the hookah bar and on sophisticated adults who are eighteen years old or older. Our market research shows that these are the customer groups that are most likely to buy our products. Since tobacco consumption is universal across different income categories and mostly depends on the level of higher education, proximity to the University of Wyoming campus and local bars will provide access to the targeted customer audience. College Age Residents: College students who seek an alternative to bars and parties on campus seek out different ways to hang out with friends. Hookah bars provide such an experience because of their exotic ambiance, colorful atmosphere, focus on group dynamics, and a unique place in Laramie without alcohol. Furthermore, those between the ages of 18 and 20 can patronize hookah bars while they cannot go to the bars that serve alcohol. Laramie has plenty of bars, but lacks spots for those under 21 to socialize with each other. Young Professionals: 18-30 years-old professionals who are tired with bar culture here in Laramie are looking for other activities. They seek locations where they can socialize with friends, talk, and share a new experience. Hookah bars make a great substitution for these individuals. According to the 2000 census there were 27,204 people living in Laramie. Out of this 31. 8% were 18-24. This group of 8,651 makes up our market segment. According to our survey that participants took online, 50% of people ages 18-20 would b e patron of a hookah bar in Laramie. Out of the participants surveyed, 48% in the age range of 21-24 said they would patronize a hookah bar in Laramie. This means that roughly 50% of the 8,651 or 4,325 individuals between the ages of 18-24 in Laramie would patronize a hookah bar in Laramie. 10. Target Market Segment Strategy Cowboy Hookah will cater to people who want to unwind and enjoy the company of friends in a relaxing atmosphere. Such customers vary in age, although our location close to the University campus means that most of our clientele will be college students and faculty. Our market research shows that these are discerning customers that gravitate towards a new experience. Furthermore, many college students consider hookah bars to be a convenient studying or meeting location, where they can read or meet with peers without the necessity to pay cover charges. For us, this will provide a unique possibility for building a loyal client base. To attract these young stud ents and young professionals residing in Laramie, Cowboy Hookah will position itself as an alternative to bars. We will attract them by giving them a place to socialize without having to drink alcohol. This will also give young students between the ages of 18-20 a place where they can hang out at night since they can’t go to any bars in Laramie. Along with having hookahs available to partake in smoking we will also market snacks and non-alcoholic beverages. Competition There is currently no hookah bar in Laramie; the company will have no competitors within this industry. Bars and the bowling alley will not be considered as competitors as a substitute for our services since most are restricted under the smoking ban. That means our customer will be willing to come to any location in Laramie to relax at a hookah bar. With no competitors we will not need to worry about differentiating our service or product. This makes it easy for us to meet the needs of our customer. Websi te Marketing Strategy The website for Cowboy Hookah will be promoted through public relations, direct advertising, search engine optimization, and the growing community of customers. †¢Public relations events will include handing out handbills around campus. Hanging posters around the town at popular locations promoting an event. †¢Direct advertising will include Google ads and Facebook ads. We can advertise directly to our target market with Facebook. The community of customers will generate word-of-mouth and online referrals by inviting friends to become fans of Cowboy Hookah on Facebook. Development Requirements Development of the website requires an experienced Web development firm. The website will include the following in its basic, front end: †¢About Us background on the business and its concept and mission †¢FAQs about hookah smoking, etc. †¢Menu of food, drinks, and tobacco †¢Photo gallery †¢Contact page †¢Location and Directions pag e with connection to maps from Google Maps Furthermore, the management will create and regularly update a Facebook fan page. They will update the information on the fan page including: †¢Upcoming events, including live music and bands †¢Photos of the events and the hookah bar †¢New flavors, products or discounts 11. Market Needs General trend toward quality among U. S. consumers definitely plays an important role in the recent growth in the hookah bar industry. Additionally, such factors as desire for small indulgencies, for something more exotic and unique, provide a good selling opportunity for hookah bars. 12. Industry Analysis Tobacco consumption has shown a level growth rate in the United States over the last decade. In 1994, total sales of tobacco were approximately $7. 5 billion. The retail tobacco industry is remaining consistent. The local climate, with a long winter season, is very conducive for the consumption of items in an indoor setting. At the sam e time, hot dry summers drive people into cafes to order iced drinks and other amenities. 13. Buying Patterns The major reason for the customers to return to a hookah bar is a great products, quick service and pleasant atmosphere. Although, as stated before, tobacco consumption is uniform across different income segments, Cowboy Hookah will price its product offerings competitively. We strongly believe that selling tobacco with a great service in a nice setting will help us build a strong base of loyal clientele. Strategy and Implementation Summary Cowboy Hookah’s marketing strategy will be focused at getting new customers, retaining the existing customers, getting customers to spend more and come back more often. Establishing a loyal customer base is of a paramount importance since such customer core will not only generate most of the sales but also will provide favorable referrals. 4. Competitive Edge Cowboy Hookah will position itself as a unique hookah bar where its pa trons can not only enjoy a relaxing smoke but also spend their time in an ambient environment. Comfortable sofas and chairs, dimmed light and quiet relaxing music will help the customers to relax from the daily stresses and will differentiate Cowboy Hookah from any incumbent competitors if we eventually get any. 15. Sales Strategy Cowboy Hookah employees will handle the sales transactions. To speed up the customer service, at least two employees will be servicing clientswhile one employee will be preparing the customers order, the other one will be taking care of the sales transaction. All sales data logged on the computerized point-of-sale terminal will be later analyzed for marketing purposes. In order to build up its client base, Cowboy Hookah will use banners and fliers, utilize customer referrals and cross-promotions with other businesses in the community. At the same time, customer retention programs will be used to make sure the customers are coming back and spending more at the hookah bar. 16. Sales Forecast Food costs are assumed at 25% for coffee beverages and pastries, 50% for retail tobacco sales and products. Proximity to the University campus will dictate certain sales seasonality with revenues slightly decreasing during the school vacation periods. The chart and table below outline our projected sales forecast for the next three years. Sales Forecast Year 1Year 2Year 3 Sales Tobacco Products$150,000$225,000$281,250 Tobacco$37,500$56,250$70,313 Food and Beverages$62,500$93,750$117,187 Total Sales$250,000$375,000$468,750 Direct Costs of SalesYear 1Year 2Year 3 Tobacco Products$32,142$48,215$60,267 Tobacco$16,073$24,107$30,135 Food and Beverage$26,785$40,178$50,223 Total Direct Cost of Sales$75,000$112,500$140,625 18. Management Team Gaps Despite the owners and managers experience in the industry, the company will retain the consulting services of Sahara Smoke. This company has over twenty years of experience in the Hookah industry and has successfully opened dozens of hookah bars across the U. S. Consultants will be primarily used for market research, customer satisfaction surveys and to provide additional input into the evaluation of the new business opportunities. 19. Personnel Plan The table below outlines the personnel needs of Cowboy Hookah. Personnel Plan Year 1Year 2Year 3 Owners$80,000$100,000$110,000 P. T. Employees$12,000$22,000$27,000 Total People677 Total Payroll$92,000$122,000$137,000 Financial Plan Cowboy Hookah will capitalize on the strong demand for new and unique experiences. The owners have provided the company with sufficient start-up capital. With successful management aimed at establishing and growing a loyal customer base, the company will see its net worth doubling in two years. Cowboy Hookah will maintain a healthy 65% gross margin, which combined with reasonable operating expenses, will provide enough cash to finance further growth. We have assumed very conservative interest rates of 5. 25% for our commercial mortgage of 80% of property value and 8% for our small business loan. These loans are amortized over 30 and ten years respectively with all interest expense and depreciation being tax deductable. We plan to each work as needed and draw a $20,000 salary for our time during the first year. To provide additional help we will also hire part-time servers at an expense not to exceed $12,000 for the first year. We have budgeted $30,000 and an additional $15,000 for staff increases over years two and three respectively. We have also assumed a 25% payroll tax and a 15% income tax over the first three years. 20. Important Assumptions Financial Assumptions Year 1Year 2Year 3 Mortgage Interest Rate5. 25%5. 25%5. 25% Long-term Interest Rate8. 00%8. 00%8. 00% Tax Rate15. 00%15. 00%15. 00% 21. Projected Cash Flow As the chart and table below present, the company will maintain a healthy cash flow position, which will allow for timely debt servicing and funds available f or future development. Pro Forma Cash Flow Cash from OperationsYear 1Year 2Year 3 Cash Sales$250,000$375,000$468,750 Total Cash from Operations$250,000$375,000$468,750 ExpendituresYear 1Year 2Year 3 Cost of Goods Sold$75,000$112,500$140,625 Cash Spending$26,275$39,932$51,761 Bill Payments$133,237$177,490$201,283 Total Expenditures$234,512$329,922$393,669 Net Cash Flow$15,488$45,078$75,081 Cash Balance$16,213$21,359$44,679 22. Break-even Analysis With average monthly fixed costs of $20,300 in FY2001 and an average margin of 65%, Cowboy Hookah’s break-even sales volume is around $31,300 per month. As shown further, the company is expected to generate such sales volume from the out start. Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even$19,561 Assumptions: Average Percent Variable Cost35% Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost$13,003 23. Projected Profit and Loss Annual projected sales of $250,000 in FY2010 translate into $156. 25 of sales per square foot, which is in line with the in dustry averages for this size of hookah bar. Overall, as the company gets established in the local market, its net profitability increases from $15,264 in FY2010 to $75,956 in FY2012. The table below outlines the projected Profit and Loss Statement for FY2010-2012. Pro Forma Profit and Loss RevenueYear 1Year 2Year 3 Sales$250,000$375,000$468,750 Sales Allowance($2,500)($3,750)($4,688) Net Sales$247,500$371,250$464,063 COGS($75,000)($112,500)($140,625) Gross Income$172,500$258,750$323,438 Expenses Payroll($92,000)($122,000)($137,000) Marketing($20,000)($30,000)($37,500) Loan Principle($1,429)($1,995)($2,102) Depreciation($8,525)($8,525)($8,525) Utilities($3,600)($4,140)($4,761) Insurance($2,400)($2,520)($2,626) Payroll Taxes($23,000)($30,500)($34,250) Other($3,500)($5,250)($7,875) Total Expenses($154,454)($204,930)($234,659) EBIT$18,046$53,820$88,779 Interest Expense($10,118)($9,795)($9,448) Taxes($1,189)($6,604)($11,900) Depreciation$8,525$8,525$8,525 Net Income$15,264$45,946$75, 956 24. Projected Balance Sheet The companys net worth is expected to increase from approximately $212,000 by the end of FY2010 to approximately $443,000 in FY2013. The table below summarizes the projected balance sheets for this period. Pro Forma Balance Sheet AssetsYear 1Year 2Year 3 Current Assets Cash and Equivalents$27,000$21,359$44,679 Other Current Assets$13,000$24,500$36,375 Total Current Assets$40,000$45,859$81,054 Long-term Assets Equipment and Furnishings$25,000$35,000$45,000 Building$170,000$178,500$187,425 Total Long-term Assets$195,000$213,500$232,425 Total Assets$235,000$259,359$313,479 Liabilities and Owner’s Equity Liabilities Short-term Debt$20,000$20,000$20,000 Long-term Debt$155,000$152,106$147,756 Total Liabilities$175,000$172,106$167,756 Owner’s Equity$60,000$87,853$145,723 Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity$235,000$259,359$313,479 25. Business Ratios The table below outlines the companys business ratios. The last column represents industry average business ratios for Specialty Tobacco Places (SIC 5812). Ratio Analysis Year 1Year 2Year 3Industry Profile Sales Growth0. 00%50. 00%25. 00%7. 60% Inventory7. 83%6. 30%5. 23%3. 60% Other Current Assets0. 00%0. 00%0. 00%35. 60% Total Current Assets80. 11%86. 41%90. 46%43. 70% Long-term Assets19. 9%13. 59%9. 54%56. 30% Total Assets100. 00%100. 00%100. 00%100. 00% Current Liabilities14. 31%9. 56%7. 13%32. 70% Long-term Liabilities7. 40%4. 44%2. 54%28. 50% Total Liabilities21. 71%13. 99%9. 67%61. 20% Net Worth78. 29%86. 01%90. 33%38. 80% Percent of Sales Sales100. 00%100. 00%100. 00%100. 00% Gross Margin65. 00%65. 00%65. 00%60. 50% Selling, General Administrative Expenses47. 94%48. 47%47. 37%39. 80% Advertising Expenses2. 26%2. 18%2. 26%3. 20% Profit Before Interest and Taxes23. 27%22. 47%23. 85%0. 70% Main Ratios Current5. 609. 0412. 690. 98 Quick5. 058. 3811. 950. 65 Total Debt to Total Assets21. 71%13. 9%9. 67%61. 20% Pre-tax Return on Net Worth62. 87%44. 64%37. 71%1 . 70% Pre-tax Return on Assets49. 22%38. 40%34. 06%4. 30% Additional RatiosYear 1Year 2Year 3 Net Profit Margin17. 00%16. 58%17. 62%n. a Return on Equity46. 93%33. 48%28. 12%n. a Activity Ratios Inventory Turnover10. 9110. 1110. 11n. a Accounts Payable Turnover11. 2512. 1712. 17n. a Payment Days273029n. a Total Asset Turnover2. 161. 741. 44n. a Debt Ratios Debt to Net Worth0. 280. 160. 11n. a Current Liability to Liability0. 660. 680. 74n. a Liquidity Ratios Net Working Capital$177,858$284,304$408,334n. a Interest Coverage48. 1662. 07104. 13n. a

Are Humans Naturally Evil Or Good When They Are Born

Exam essay Are humans naturally evil or good when they are born? This is a question was something argued over since humans have been on this planet.Everyone should think that humans are born, not raised, with the tendency and ability to do terrible acts even if we know they are evil and against our own moral code or our own legal agreements. I will be going into detail about how we are born evil with evidence from â€Å"Lord of The Flies.†, â€Å"The Stanford Prison Experiment.†, â€Å"what is nature versus nurture?†, and â€Å"Hobbes: The Leviathan.†. A great example in the book â€Å"Lord of the Flies.† of how we are born evil is Roger. Roger is someone who at the start of the book is throwing stones around other kids, but still missing. The way he was raised keeps him from hitting them actually. But as the story progresses, he does more then throw small stones. He eventually is the one who pushes the rock, that lands on and kills Piggy. 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